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![]() ![]() The Portuguese aim was to control the pepper trade of south India, the spice trade of the Moluccas, the sandalwood trade of Timor, and the coastal trade of western India and the northern areas of the Indian Ocean via the cartaz passport system, whereby Asian traders were forced to call at Portuguese ports to pay duties and to trade. Portugal established the capital of its Asian empire at Goa, an ancient Hindu port on the Arabian Sea, in 1510. ![]() Consequently, the Portuguese reorganized the empire as their commercial and maritime power waned in the East the East, however, never ceased growing in economic strength. Increased competition in the region, combined with vastly profitable sugarcane cultivation in Brazil led to Portugal's redoubled efforts in Brazil and a subsequent significant withdrawal from India in the period from 1580 to 1620. Portugal was the major European commercial power in the Far East in the sixteenth century, and its Estado da India trading company operated throughout the Indian Ocean basin. ![]() Portuguese Trade and International Relations ![]()
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